
Political Institutions under Dictatorship
Jennifer Ghandi
In the world there are many dictatorships which can be categorized into three groups, monarchies, military dictatorships, and civilian dictatorships. Within these dictatorships, many have political institutes within them in order for the dictators to facilitate relations with the people they rule. Each type of dictatorship utilizes semi-democratic in a different way in order to govern more efficiently.
Political institutions under dictatorships serve as a tool for the dictator to control the people. All dictators require the cooperation of the people and political institutions serve as the place where the dictator can make compromises without appearing weak. These political institutions can either be powerful or weak as the level of cooperation the dictator requires from the people varies from country to country. In some countries, natural resources are abundant, meaning that the dictator can build wealth simply from those without relying on the economy, in others political institutions are immensely important since the dictator needs to find a balance with the people. Another case where political institutions are important is where there are privileged classes that have power who need to be appeased. Therefore, political institutions are an essential tool for dictators to keep control of their people.
Monarchies do not rely very much on political institutions in their rule. Monarchies are dictatorships in which rule is passed down through a family. This is a very strong form of dictatorship, as power is only shared among the royal family, who are inherently loyal to each other due to familial bonds. Due to this strength, monarchs do not need to rely on political institutions very much, as their family ties already secure their rule. Therefore, political institutions are rarely necessary in monarchies.
Military dictatorships seldom have to rely on political institutions to support their rule. Military dictatorships are immensely powerful because they are backed by the military. This is essential both because the military can be used to control the rest of the population and because dictators only need to appease a small fraction of the population, leaving them free to do as they wish. Due to the might of the military, military dictatorships are very rarely forced to make concessions through political institutes, and only in situations where the military is weak. Therefore, political institutions do not have much influence over most military dictatorships in the world.
Civilian dictatorships are very reliant on political institutes. Civilian dictators have neither the family loyalty of monarchies or the military strength of military dictatorships, making them vulnerable. Therefore, civilian dictators need to gain the support of the people in order to maintain control and facilitate a functioning economy. Furthermore, these civilian dictators themselves were politicians before they became dictators, meaning that they already came from systems in which there were political institutions. Consequently, civilian dictators are very reliant on political institutes.
Within many dictatorships, dictators are forced to rely on political institutions. However, monarchical and military dictators are far less reliant on political institutions than civilian dictatorships due to the inherent advantages that they have. Therefore, although many dictatorships find political institutions helpful, they are not an essential part of dictatorial rule.